Building Maintenance | Literature Review

construction bread and butter lit retreadBuilding mars atomic number 18 common phenomena especially for those old residential apartments. Lack of support steering is wizard of the factors which lead to despicable construct teach. Despite the authorities in charge of expression forethought, the residents argon similarly a factor contri provideding to poor concern on construction. Mis exploitation the facilities, poor cargon team, insufficiency of pargonntage for support, the part of poor grapheme material by the support department, improper tending dodging very much type living to achieve a gist less than expected.Poor care management exit deoxidize the create aliveness and accelerate the descent process of grammatical construction. in addition that, poor upkeep withal go forth effects the characte mounting of the construction, it is withal a threats to the residents, making the residents feel unsafe, military campaign inconvenience and plant a lot of trouble to the resident and others.Thus, this search aim is to cite the flaw of construct sustenance in residential apartments, give recommendations and provide the suitable of keep dodging to mitigate the quality and casts of the apartments.The summation question in this study is to identify a suitable tending strategy to improve the condition of residential apartments. A dour the way of question, following question go out(p) overly be identified.What is the flaw of edifice tending in residential apartments?What is the reason to continue the support equipment casualty?1.3 AimThe aim of this research put is to study the mental synthesis aliment strategy in residential apartments.1.4 ObjectivesIn achieving the aim, four objectives prolong been expellined. There areTo determine the suitable of nourishment strategy to improve the quality of residential apartments.To differentiate the type of structure maintenance strategy.To review the factor th at simulate maintenance apostrophize.1.5 HypothesisProper maintenance strategy substructure reduce the building blemishs, accession the monetary value of apartment and prolong the sustenancespan of residential apartment.1.6 Background of the StudyBuilding maintenance is an important activity to keep the building in erect condition. Even though the buildings are seemed deal wonderful or in perfect condition, in that location are a lot of maintenance make up necessitateed to be do in decree to maintain at such condition. To preserve and prolong the life of building, maintenance is necessary to be carried reveal. Chudley (1981, p.1) destine the maintenance as maintenance is the act of maintaining. The Committee on Building Maintenance in British defined maintenance as Building Maintenance is the fly the coop undertaken in consecrate to keep, restore or improve every facility, i.e every part of a building, its operate and surrounds to a currently acceptable standard, a nd to digest the utility and value of the building (Wood, 2009, p.3)In this research project, researcher is tending to identify the flaw of building maintenance in residential apartments and proposed the suitable maintenance strategy. The motivation to buy in out this research project is a lot of tenants or residents have neglected the importance of maintenance release. Also, maintenance leave alone affect the built environment, building lifespan, quality, safety and condition of apartments.Proper maintenance strategy plays an important role for a building. The proper maintenance strategy is able to affect the performance of maintenance. Good and poor maintenance alike depends on the maintenance strategy using. The poor maintenance in like manner caused by using the improper maintenance strategy. The poor maintenance of the residential apartment forget lead to depreciation of property value, affects the condition of the building, result as a threats to the residents, making t he residents feel unsafe, caused inconvenience to the residents, building efficiency drop and eventually cause the building to deteriorate rapidly than others.1.7 Scope of the StudyIn order to enchant out the research project, the researcher specified in residential buildings at Setapak. The nature of the building to be focus in apartment and the building will be reviewed in this research are those which were built between mid-nineties and early 2000s. The building maintenance of the residential apartments is to be reveal through this research project.This research focuses on the maintenance strategy of the residential apartment thus run across on the building maintenance strategies and familiarity on flaw of building maintenance are important in this case. The key words like building maintenance strategy and residential apartments will be defined at first so that the person who reads can easily understand point of the research project or dissertation. To carry out the research, it is necessary to identify flaw of building maintenance of residential apartments and proposed the suitable or proper maintenance strategy to rectify the flaw of building maintenance or improve the quality of the buildings. In addition, in this dissertation identifies the factors that affect the maintenance cost.1.8 Research methodology1.8.1 Literature reviewTo carry out a research, literature review is the most important of the research. Before carry out a research, it has to well understand of the research title and literature review. The effective information can be obtained through the books in the library, journals, internet, theme and others those will provide us ideas to start doing dissertation or easily to do the dissertation with pay heed to the books, journals and others.1.8.2 QuestionnaireOne of the research methodology using in this dissertation, questionnaire will be carried out in order to get round important information from respondents. The questionnaires form will be contribute to the respondents by men or mail. The targeted respondents are those who stay in the apartment at Setapak. The questionnaire forms can include respondents detail, satisfaction of the building facilities and efficiency, knowledge on the building defect and others. All the data collected get from respondents, it have to analyse it and discussed together with recommendations to improve the building defects or quality of the building.1.8.3 Interview overly that, interview to a fault will be carry out in the research. The targeted interviewees are resident of the apartment at Setapak and the even off specialist also will be interview. For this dissertation, the informal interview will be carry out in order to finalize the remainder and the respond of interviewee are more accurate than the questionnaire and face to face discuss the puzzle of the resident facing.1.9 Chapter draft1.9.1 Chapter 1-IntroductionChapter 1 is introducing about research background and this chapter is including aims and objectives, problem statement, research methodology, chapter compend and others.1.9.2 Chapter 2-Literature ReviewChapter 2 is review the explanation of maintenance and the importance of building maintenance. This chapter also will identify the factors of affecting building maintenance cost and let the reader understanding different types of maintenance strategies.1.9.3 Chapter 3-Research MethodologyChapter 3 is aim to review the details of research methodology. The Literature review, questionnaire, interview is the method of carry out in this research project. In this chapter, it has to review the way of get the feedback from the respondent and what is the result.1.9.4 Chapter 4-Data AnalysisChapter 4 is need to analyzing the data which is obtained from questionnaire. It needs to analyses the problem of maintenance management in residential apartments.1.9.5 Chapter 5-Conclusion and RecommendationsChapter 5 is to provide the conclusion of the whol e research project and recommend the importance of building maintenance in residential apartments.Chapter 1Introduction1.1 Title1.2 Problem Statement1.3 Aims and objectives1.4 Background1.5 Scope of Study1.6 Research Methodology1.7 Chapter OutlineChapter 2Literature Review2.1 Introduction2.2 Definition2.3 Importance of building maintenance2.4 Factor affect the building maintenance cost2.5 Types of building maintenance strategies2.6 The comparison of maintenance strategies2.7 Selection of maintenance strategy2.8 Maintenance management decision diagramTable 0 Plan and unquestionable enrolment ground to the table above, I was late to confirm the research title that is because I was confusing on the several(a) covers that I have found. To get back the progress that I was planning, I was tried to confirm the tile on Week 4. After that, thither is also late to done the diverseness by reversal in Chapter One. at bottom that delay period, I have a presentation and a lot of assignment need to submit. Also, I was having twice clip amendment on Chapter One. During Week 9, I was realized that was very late to start the work in Chapter Two. To re mold this problem, I was try to spending more cartridge clip to do the research and I was try to finished the introduction, definition and importance of building maintenance and factor affect the building maintenance cost. During Week 9 to Week 12, I was try my outflank to match back the planned schedule and I was get help who is my supervisor in doing the work in Chapter 2. He is giving a lot recommendation to give me a direction to done the proposal and final draft. Finally, I was done my work on Week 12 and I was submitting my final draft on Week 13.Chapter 2.0 Literature review2.1 IntroductionThis chapter reviews the types of building maintenance strategy. The definition and the importance of maintenance also will be identified in this chapter. Besides that, this chapter will identify the factor affecting the buildin g maintenance cost and maintenance management decision diagram.2.2 Definition of Building MaintenanceThe maintenance term was comes from the French verb maintenir, which path to hold, retain, prolong or preserve the building or structure to an acceptable standard. Chudley (1981, p.1) defines the maintenance is the act of maintaining, m some(prenominal) another(prenominal) peck are misunderstanding the maintenance is equal with repair. In the act of maintaining repairs or replacement whitethorn well be necessary but the main objectives of all maintenance procedures is to prevent as farther as practicable the need to repair or replace the structure, furnishings, services, equipment or fittings which collectively make up the total environment of any building (Chudley, 1981, p.1).According to BS 3811 1964 defines maintenance as a confederacy of any actions carried out to retain an item in, or restore it, to an acceptable condition (Lee, 1981, p.9). Wood (2009, p.4) defines maintena nce as keeping an item at a certain level or of restoring it that position of acceptability, although it does not identify who it is that determines the acceptability condition.Besides that, the Building Maintenance Committee in British recommended the following definition Work undertaken in order to keep, restore or improve every facility, i.e every part of a building, its services and surrounds, to a currently accepted standard and to sustain the utility and value of the facility (Lee, 1981, p.10).In conclusion, the main objectives of building maintenance is to keep the building in perfect condition and fasten that the condition of the buildings meets all statutory aimments by regularly checking or repairing it when ill luck occurs so that the building can be continued perform in term of acceptable standard.2.3 The importance of Building MaintenanceMost people are unlikely to carry out maintenance work and they have neglected the importance of maintenance work. There are many g ood reasons for carry out the maintenance work. For example, maintenance can be preserving our building, prolong the buildings life, reducing the deterioration process of the building, provide a safe environment and maintaining buildings appearance. In the scotch sense, maintenance can reduce the major repair projects. Under well-nigh circumstances, repairs works can be expensive than maintenance work in terms of finances. Thus, it is better to carry out the maintenance work than extending the period of repairs work. For an example, the routine cleaning of the gutter and drains is nickel-and-dime(prenominal)er and less convenient than having to cope with a serious bam of dry rot in timber capital trusses which is neglect for many years. The appropriate routine management and maintenance will smear the need for larger repairs or it is the most economical way of sustaining an asset (Beehive, 2010).Besides that, maintenance will also ensure the safety of the building or to pers on (Jeff, 2008). For instance, maintenance of building fire safety installations. Fire safety installations must be capable performing in standard level to ensure the safety of the building and building users or occupants. Fire safety installations are including fire extinguisher, fire doors, fire hydrants, fire hose reels, emergency lighting and smoke detectors (Queensland Government, n.d).In addition, maintenance also can provide opportunities for employment. Some of the maintenance works are positd repair specialist or maintenance professionals to carry out the maintenance or repair works. For example, cleaning high-level gutters may require specially trained personnel or equipment to carry out the work or some of the maintenance or repair work need a lot of repair specialist to carry out the work because it provide a opportunities to earn a living (Beehive, 2010).2.4 The factors that affecting building maintenance costThis research project is to identify the factors that affe cting building maintenance cost because the issue of continuous increasing in building maintenance cost is often discussed. In order to solve the problem of increasing in building maintenance cost, building management team should adapt some strategies by reduce or minimizing the number of maintenance activities (Azlan Shah Ali, 2010). Besides that, building maintenance cost append and decrease will be affected due to the various factors. For examples, intenter is fails to comply with the specifications and standard also is a factors that influence the building maintenance cost. (Jalal A. Al-Khatam, 2003)2.4.1 DesignThe complexity of the building design will increase the difficulty in maintenance work. Regular cleaning and minor repair work can be carried out easily to avoid major replacement of building component. For example, some of the maintenance requires some tools to be performed. If the designer fails to allow enough space for the tools to execute maintenance work, it will cause minor problem become major problem (Jalal A. Al-Khatam, 2003). The building design also including the building height, area and size. The high rise building is need the additional costs for the equipment and tools used to carry out the maintenance works. For instance, when carry out the maintenance works at high rise buildings such as window cleaning, painting work, repairs work and other external works is need scaffolding (Azlan Shah Ali, 2010).Besides that, some of the building defects are caused by improper structural design such as designer is neglected the spacing for contraction and amplification which movement will cause joint of the wall pass (Jalal A. Al-Khatam, 2003).2.4.2 Poor tone ControlQuality control program is essential and important during the maintenance and construction symbolizes. That program is used to control, check and scrutiny of activities due to the contract requirement and construction procedures. An effective quality control program will reduc e the occurrence of building defects therefore maintenance work will be reduce accordingly. During the maintenance stages, the quality control program is essential to ensure that which component is required to maintain or skill not need to maintain (Jalal A. Al-Khatam, 2003).2.4.3 Lack knowledge of maintenance strategy untoward maintenance strategy is caused by the designer or maintenance management team lack in knowledge of maintenance strategy. Improper using maintenance strategy might not be increase the cost of the particular work but it might be affected on the long-term durability of the building and the cost of maintenance (Jalal A. Al-Khatam, 2003).2.4.4 Unfamiliarity with local and site conditionThe designer should know the building location, type of plants, environment condition and insects lively around of the building. For example, if the designers realized that surround of the building have many plants and those plants might have termite or white-ants, it can be pro vide a suitable maintenance strategy to avoid termite attack.In addition, designer also should be familiar with buildings site condition such as stain condition. For example, poor soil condition might affect the building shrinking and causes the structural elements start cracking (Jalal A. Al-Khatam, 2003).2.4.5 Improper diagnosisThe maintenance management team is chastening to identify the main and true causes of the defect and it will affect the decision on decide the maintenance strategy. Besides that, improper diagnosis will affect the maintenance cost. This is because improper diagnosis will worsen the condition of the building therefore it is require a lot of maintenance or repair works to repair it (Jalal A. Al-Khatam, 2003).2.4.6 Life Cycle apostrophize (LCC)Life cycle cost (LCC) is the total relevant costs over the life of a system of rules including cost of operation, maintenance, acquisition, disposal and modification for the purpose of making decision (Shear, 1993). LCC takes into account firstly and other costs (total cost of operation and maintenance of a system) over a buildings life. During the buildings life period, it helps in the determination of how the owners property distributed. Moreover, it was to determine of meeting a need of space with the most economic way. Besides that, it was also assisting in developing the most economic plan shape, structural form and internal layout. The greater saving and overweight the committed cost if LCC is applied earlier. LCC is used to identify which have the lowest total cost of design feature, components and finishing. And, it also identifies high cost areas and evaluates modifications that will reduce these costs (Jalal A. Al-Khatam, 2003).2.4.7 LabourUnskilled fatigues such as foreign labour will failure to carry out the maintenance work and it is also will increasing the maintenance cost if they have not performing well in maintenance work. It is because they are lack in experience, knowled ge and skills to perform well of the maintenance work. Therefore, employ a skilled labour is better than employ unskilled labour. Skilled labour will help to minimizing maintenance cost and improve the quality of work (Jalal A. Al-Khatam, 2003).2.4.8 substantive selectionMaterial selection in the early design stage also is the one of the factors will be influence the maintenance cost. Once the selection of materials is failure or select wrong materials it is required high maintenance cost to repair or replace the existing building components (Azlan Shah Ali, 2010). The selection of poor or bad quality of materials will cause failure of the materials and deterioration occurred in the building components, which will require replacement or more maintenance tasks in the future. To minimize future expenses during maintenance stage, selection of materials should be according to the performance specification requirements of the building (Jalal A. Al-Khatam, 2003).2.4.9 Misusing materialsT he misconception of using cheap materials will minimize or reduce the maintenance cost. Those cheap and bad quality materials will cause building deterioration, which will require more maintenance or repairs work to be carry out. It will be more costly to carry out the repair, replacement and maintenance work (Jalal A. Al-Khatam, 2003).2.4.10 Fluctuation of Material PricesThe most common of factors that affecting the maintenance cost is fluctuation of material prices such as cement, make bar and etc. it might be increasing the material prices and also decreasing the material prices but usually is increasing (Jalal A. Al-Khatam, 2003).2.4.11 Climate changeSome of the building material will have chemic reaction when the climate was change. For example, acid rain wills accelerate the deterioration process of some building materials. Thus, there are some maintenance or remedial action need to be carry out (Jalal A. Al-Khatam, 2003).2.4.12 Unqualified Maintenance ContractorTo ensure th e maintenance work can be performing effectively, the well-experiences maintenance contractors are very important. A good maintenance contractor should be good in analyzing the maintenance cost and analyze which maintenance strategy is most economical way to carry out the maintenance work or which is the most suitable maintenance strategy can be using (Jalal A. Al-Khatam, 2003).. Besides that, those of the unqualified maintenance contractor or operator are lack of training which could cause to poor operating(a) and maintenance practices (Azlan Shah Ali, 2010).2.4.13 Age of the buildingAccording to Skinner (1982), Slater (1982) and ONeill (1974), the age of the building or property also could be influencing the maintenance cost. When the age of a building increase, the maintenance cost also will increase accordingly. Some of the maintenance works such as replacement of new roof tiles, painting work, and other works are required to carry out because these maintenance works is to ensur e the sustainability of building turn the building age is increasing (Azlan Shah Ali, 2010).Besides that, the building components have their expected life, if the building components life is over than the expected life, it is better to demolish it or replace it. This is because the maintenance cost might be higher than the cost spending on demolished or replacement (Jalal A. Al-Khatam, 2003)..2.4.14 Poor managementA good maintenance management can be an effective tool or equipment for achieving a high standard of maintenance work and it can reduce the maintenance works and costs. According to Horner et al. (1997), the maintenance management is required to reduce or minimize the repair works on building defect (Azlan-Shah Ali, 2010). Without maintenance management, it will lead to failure maintenance work, time consuming and cumbersome. Therefore, maintenance management is requiring formulating long term strategic plan to meet those needs.2.4.15 Poor financial managementThe building owners are require to preparing the annual budgets which budgets is enough financial support for maintenance work. Without financial support for maintenance work required, maintenance works require to carry out will not be perform properly and building will not maintained properly (Jalal A. Al-Khatam, 2003).2.4.16 User neglected importance of maintenance workBuilding users are often misunderstanding that there is not their responsibility to keeping the building in good condition and facility therefore they are taking no action or neglected the maintenance work. As time passes, it will lead to the buildings start to deteriorate. Therefore, they require additional maintenance cost to carry out large repair or maintenance work to cope the deterioration of the building. Therefore, it is better that they are intention to carry out the maintenance work before the building is deteriorated (Jalal A. Al-Khatam, 2003).2.4.17 Misuse of building subsequently construction is completeSome of bu ilding users or owners is misusing the buildings and its components in proper way after the building construction is completed. There are causing the building components are needs to repair and it is also would be costly for those repairs work (Jalal, 2003). In order to minimized this problem, the introducing of property operating manuals and regulation, and educating occupants and users are need to be carry out (Azlan-Shah Ali, 2010)2.4.18 Behavior and attitude of usersThe bad attitudes of building users are often misusing the facility and services of the building and vandalism by building user will cause to damage and defects on building components. It would be costly to repair for those damages (Jalal A. Al-Khatam, 2003).2.4.19 Improper Maintenance StrategyImproper maintenance strategy also will be affected the cost of maintenance. For example, a building elements are require to using the safe maintenance strategy but they are using nonindulgent maintenance strategy therefore i t is more costly to carry out the maintenance (Jalal A. Al-Khatam, 2003).2.5 The types of Buildings Maintenance StrategiesAccording to Chudley (1980, p.110), defines maintenance as any work undertaken in order to keep or restore every part of a building to an acceptable standard. The types of maintenance activities which are require achieving this objective. It can be categorized as planned and unwitting maintenance. Those of the maintenance strategies are provide options to decide which maintenance strategy will be decide to use, it should be make sure that those alternative decisions are available to management in maintaining a building. Besides that, it is also need to depend on the failure elements condition then decide a maintenance strategy to repair or replace it. During making decision to select maintenance strategy, it must be conceptualise which maintenance strategy is more efficiency (Chudley, 1981).Figure 0 Types of MaintenanceSource (Abdul-Mohsen Al- Hammad, n.d)2.5.1 plotted Maintenanceis defined the planned maintenance is the maintenance work have been planned, organized and execute with forethought, control and the use of records to a predetermined plan (Abdul-Mohsen Al- Hammad, n.d).Besides that, planned maintenance can be used to kill the disadvantages of corrective maintenance and emergency maintenance. It is commonly referred to the schedule system which is require consider time, cost and quality. Planned maintenance is including preventive maintenance.2.5.1.1 Preventive Maintenance (PM)In this maintenance strategy, the building components, elements, facilities and services are subjected to a regular schedule of maintenance tasks, such as cleaning, inspections, adjustments, inspections, and others. The maintenance tasks are carried out at contumacious intervals to reduce building deteriorated or to ensure the building is in good condition (RDH Building Enginerring Ltd, n.d).Besides that, the disadvantages of corrective maintenance can be overcome by preventive maintenance. Preventive maintenance also will reduce the probability of occurrence of failure or defects and avoiding sudden failure. This maintenance strategy is referred to as time-based maintenance, planned maintenance or cyclic maintenance. Preventive maintenance tasks are performed in accordance with a predetermined plan at regular, fixed intervals, which may be based for example on operating time (IMSS Security Services, 2011). Preventive maintenance has various advantages over the corrective maintenance. The preventive maintenance tasks are providing several advantages, those are shown as below (Au Wai Hoe, 2008)The equipment will perform more efficiently.Preserve and prolong the life of the building.Reduce and avoid the occurrence of failure.Save potential energy and prevent energy will go to waste.The preventive maintenance cost is more economical than the corrective maintenance cost.The following are the disadvantages of preventive maintenance.Unnec essary task will be carried out even thought the building components are in good condition. The elements which are required remained in a safe and acceptable condition for long time it will be carried out a large amount of unnecessary tasks.Very demanding in terms of spare parts and labour.Although the preventive maintenance work is carried out, failures are still likely to occur because it was humans error during the implementation of the maintenance works.In addition, there are some of the advantages of preventive over corrective maintenance as shown as belowIt will not make the building users inconvenient while execute maintenance work because maintenance can be planned ahead and performed when it is convenient to the users.Avoiding the cost of consequential damage can be reduced the maintenance cost.It can be minimized the downtime which is the time that an element of the building or whole of the building is out of services, so that the habitability of the building can be incre ased.Improved health and safety of the building users.2.5.1.1.1 Condition-based maintenanceThis maintenance strategy work is performing in response to an acceptable deterioration in a unit as indicated by a change monitored parameter of the units condition or performance. The reason for carrying out the maintenance work is the condition of building elements has been change or deterioration, and the optimal time to execute maintenance works is determined by supervise the actual state of the system, its performance or other condition parameters. Its concept recognizes that the main reason for carrying out maintenance is due to change in condition or performance of an item.Before a major failure occurs, to identify the element or equipments requires maintenance which is condition-based maintenance tasks. This maintenance tasks is planned by good monitoring to the buildings elements and service equipment. To make this strategy perform or works effectively, it is need to monitoring the condition of the building components or item. Those monitoring works is to identify whether there is any evidence of change from a mean(prenominal) to abnormal condition. This maintenance can be carried out by selecting the factor which can be best described the item and monitoring changes using suitable condition monitoring tools. Condition measurement can be change from a simple inspection or visual check to more go on assessment by using variety of condition monitoring tools and techniques (IMSS Security Services, 2011).2.5.2 unwilled maintenanceUnplanned maintenance works is executed without predetermined planning. In this strategy, the maintenance work is carried out after a failure has occurred (Abdul-Mohsen Al-Hammad n.d). The repair works of the unplanned maintenance is the restoration of an item to an acceptable state or level through replacing, renewing and mending damaged parts. Unplanned maintenance cost is more costly than planned maintenance cost. Besides that, unpl anned maintenance includes corrective and emergency maintenance.2.5.2.1 strict maintenanceCorrective maintenance is the simplest types of maintenance strategy, where a building element is used until it cannot perform or breaks down. It covers all activities, including replacement, repair and renew of a building element that has failed to a point at which it cannot perform its required amour or cannot carry out the services. This maintenance strategy is carried out the work after a failure or defects has occurred and intended to restore an item to an acceptable state to perform its required func