Crime Victim Studies Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Crime Victim Studies - Research Paper fountsystem effective since it enables the police and court among other factions of the justice system device fascinate ways of handling the victims and punishing the offenders (Acker & Karp, 2001).The relationship between such(prenominal) groups of people as the offenders, the polices, the courts, the media and social movements influences he dispensation of justice, unalike such disciplines as criminology, Victimology concentrates on the humane features that may affect the functionality of justice in a society. The furnish of a safe and tighten home for buffet women is an example of a function of victimology that elicits the satisfaction that such victims defy rom the legal proceedings. Criminology centers on the determination of guilt in the suspects thus prescribing appropriate penal justice Victimology on the other hand strives to help the victim recover thus reintegrating them into the society. This way, victimology provides victims with the appropriate moral stability and psychological stability that enables them to move past the humiliating experiences (Lisak, 2004). Such endeavors enhance the justice that victims beget since they earn back their trust and psychological state thus enabling them to become productive members of the society.Houses for battered women are a form of victimology practice began in the 2002 in the United States with the construction of such houses coupling Virginia. Just as the names suggest, the houses offer female victims of domestic violence a safe and secure shelter. At the institutions, the women received varied psychological counselling that help reintroduce them into the society. The women therefore obtain appropriate life skills that help them better their problem solving abilities and social skills. The services of such homes thus enhance the operations and efficiencies of the justice systems. The women gain the strength to articulate their concerns effectively in courts wing to the counselling they obtain in such facilities. As

Financial Institutions Lending Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Financial Institutions Lending - Essay ExampleIt is calculated by dividing countity debts by total assets. A debt ratio of greater than1 indicates that a company has more debt than assets -a debt ratio of less(prenominal) than 1 indicates thata company has more assets than debt. Used in conjunction with other measures of monetary health, the debt ratio lowlife help investors determine a companys level of risk of exposure.A lending risk assessment ratio that financial institutions and others lenders examine before approving a mortgage.Typically,assessments with high LTV ratios are more often than not seen as higher risk and, therefore, if themortgage is accepted,the loanwill generally cost the borrower more to borrow or he or she will need to leverage mortgage insurance.A debt service measure that financial lenders use asa rule of thumbtogivea preliminaryassessment about whether a potentialborrower is already in too muchdebt.Receiving aratio ofless than30%means that the potentia l borrowerhas an acceptable level of debt.A general termdescribinga financialratio that compares some hold of owners equity (or capital) to borrowed cash in hand. Gearing is a measure of financial leverage, demonstrating the degree to which a firms activities are funded by owners funds versus commendationors funds. The higher a companysdegree of leverage, the more thecompany is considered risky. As for most ratios, an acceptable levelis determined by its comparisonto ratios ofcompanies in the same(p) industry.The outperform known examples of gearing ratios include the debt-to-equity ratio (total debt / total equity), times interest earned (EBIT / total interest), equity ratio (equity / assets), and debt ratio (total debt / total assets).5. Solvency Ratio One of many ratios used tomeasure a companys talent to meet long-term obligations. The solvency ratio measuresthe size ofa companys after-tax income, excluding non-cash depreciation expenses, as compared to the firms total debt obligations. It provides a measurement of how potential a company will be to continue meeting its debt obligations.Thus, credit quality can best be evaluated by analyzing the probability of a company running out of both cash and wampum at any given moment. To evaluate the possibility of a company running out of cash, lenders generally look at a cash budget for the firm. They evaluate various scenarios and try to determine how likely the ending cash balance will be negative, implying a need for outside funds that whitethorn not be forthcoming if the company is not profitable. The extent of the credit losses that then bring up if a firm does run out of cash is a function of the collateral or senior status status of each debt, as well as the value of the total assets of the company in bankruptcy.Essentially, credit analysis can be simply conducted by comparing the companys average Times Interest earn (TIE) ratio over the past few years to that of the cross-sectional average TIE o f groups of firms with the same worldly concern credit rating, such as the same Moodys or S&P letter rating for which reality data are available. Then set the companys starting credit rating equal to that which most close matches the TIE of the firms with a given letter credit rating. Next, the trend in

Human Relations School of Thought compared to a Taylorist Fordist Essay

Human Relations School of Thought compared to a Taylorist Fordist perspective - Essay ExampleThe human relations give instruction of eyeshot is to a great design superior to Taylorism given the value it attaches to people and the role of the motivated employee in the workplace. The burn up changed Taylors view of the workers as machines and instead shifted the attention from the task to the worker. It is in the human relations approach to management that for the worker was viewed as being an important component of the organization. The managers perception of the workers in the human relations school was holistic as opposed to Taylors focus on the bundle of aptitudes. The human relations approach was aimed at changing the attitudes of the managers towards their subordinates. Managers pass over such propositions today and are significantly concerned with how they relate to their workers. The human relations school of thought proposed the need for managers to create a sense of sati sfaction and belonging for their workers by demonstrating an interest in the welfare and personal success. Taylors misleading assumption that people could only be motivated by monetary incentives and the individualistic approach he gave to work performance make the scientific management approach a lesser evolved management approach compared to the human relations approach. The importance of a two-way communication approach between the manager and the subordinates is emphasised in the human relations school of thought. The human relations school of thought views the productivity of the employees as being dependent on the satisfaction of the employee.

Project Planning And Services Operations Management Assignment

Project Planning And Services operations Management - Assignment ExampleThe Museum has in print several books by straight digital files.The expo of 40 outstanding images, by photojournalist Alberto Arzoz, tourist attractions the challenges the Crow face as they describe their position intimate American humanity even as preserving their exclusive artistic inheritance.This phase is planned to provide as a guide to scheduling and maintaining visitor satisfaction bulge for museum. It covers the digitizing of two-dimensional artwork, such as authorized photographs, prints, drawings, and glass-plate negatives and visitors satisfaction with comments and remarks library assets such as maps and other visual resources. The document will assist project managers in museums, and historys gain a inclusive considerate of the issues linked to creating a high-quality digital archive and visitors information related to exhibitions for access or protection, or both. It analyzes the tasks occupied in choosing a process for capturing the singular bum material and the comments linked with upward the digital archive to provide a broad miscellanea of uses and users. Scheduling for such uses as the Web, collections-management systems, exhibition details, and high-end book of visitors is also discussed.The scope of the project and the uniqueness of the basis materials interpret into image-capture provision and dealings for edifice a collection of digital images of visitors during exhibition. The project ought

Mankind Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Mankind - Essay ExampleSuch an understanding is important for all students of sociology, ism as well as psychology since it can show what it means to be piece.The viewpoint interpreted by Aristotle regarding the human being and the reason of a soul seems to be rather abstract since he considers the soul to be the essence of anything around him. He uses the example of an axe which is an axe due to the personality of the object and if somehow that nature was taken away from it would cease to be an axe. He also apply the example of the eye and took sight to be the soul of the eye because without sight the eye would be lifeless. In this manner, for animals and for human beings, the soul is distinct from the body yet it is connected to the body since it guides the condition of self-nutrition, movement, thinking and sensation.With this definition, animals and human beings can be said to have souls but other living things such as plants or other basic forms of life may not have souls at all as the definition of the soul is applied to higher life forms. Aristotle therefore creates a threshold before allowing anything to have a soul or not since the lower forms of things are more likely to have an essence which makes them what they are. therefrom the essence and the soul of a chair could be its utility in terms of comfort and location. The soul of a computer could be the ability of the computer to assist its human owners in performing the tasks they invite the computer to perform.The differentiation between the soul and the body also allows Aristotle to suggest that while a person may lose a part of their body they can still retain their soul as a whole. However, the processes which cease to be displayed by a body once the soul has departed i.e. self-nutrition, movement, model processes and sensation have given the functions of the soul for Aristotle. This is what makes us human and without this soul and its functions

What were the major reasons for the collapse of the Soviet Union in Essay

What were the major reasons for the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991 - Essay ExampleTo begin with, the collapse of the Soviet Union was much a consequential effect of poor managerial aspects of the political system inexistence. Established in 1922 under Vladimir Lenin, Soviet Union was built on terror upon the larger citizenry, orchestrated by the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (CPSU) machinery engineered by Joseph Stalin, the partys first General Secretary. Intolerant to any form of criticism, Stalin basic every last(predicate)y murdered millions opposed to his authoritarian nature of leadership a style of leadership that would set the flavor of communism for several decades, in effect, forcefully actualizing the acceptance of the Soviet Unions governance with all the ills without questioning. In addition to his firm grip on the government machinery, his policy of dtente basically abbreviated off the Soviets from the world. His leadership was one of a kind that non-would have wanted to follow. Accordingly, long before Gorbachevs assumed power in 1985, successive leadership beginning with Nikita Khrushchev-the immediate Stalins successor, made many changes gradually losing the very fundamental facets of the Stalinist control (Dallin and Lapidise 675). As ideas from the west, spread in part by academics, begun reaching the masses, commitments to the Soviet Orthodoxy begun a fast downward trend the exposure to the superior living standards in the west in addition to the political freedoms resulted in widespread jitters in the late seventies through to the Eighties ultimately forcing the introduction of Gorbachevs glasnost (Dallin and Lapidise 681). Instead of rectifying the hitherto growing dissatisfaction, the glasnost unveiled the ills of the ancient regimes, further bringing into question the ideals of communism and legitimacy of the regime in power then. In reality, ideologies modern by Gorbachev and his

Aston manor brewery Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

Aston manor brewery - Essay ExampleReflective Essay The Aston Manor Brewery is a unify land based brewery and beer bottling club. It is situated in Aston, Birmingham, England. The Aston Manors major products include cider, beer, and perry. In the twelvemonth 2008, Aston brewery emerged the third largest cider producing company in the United Kingdom. This rating was based on the market assign and in the same capacity, it was rated the fourth largest producer of the same product in the world. Peter Ellis, the son of Doug Ellis is the four-in-hand of the Aston social club (Aston Manor Brewery, 2013 Pg. 01). In the twelvemonth 2008, Frosty Jacks Cider was the United Kingdoms leading white cider brands. It is also worth noting that it is among other three Hammer brands. quad former employees of the Ansells founded Aston Manor in the year 1981 after Ansells closed one of its brewery that was known as the Aston interbreed brewery. This led to the opening of a new brewery in the nea rby lane, the Thimble Mill Lane. In the year 1984, Michael Hancocks, the then Herefordshire hop farmer and one of the major suppliers of the company, bought into the business. By the end of the year 1998, Aston Manor describe a ne 2rk turnover of ?1 million that included mainly over 70 pct sales of cider. However, by the year ending 2001, the company experienced immense competition leading to a decline of its profit to ?740,500. Nonetheless, by the end of the financial year 2009, the company reported immense profit of ?3 million. This significant increase in profit was pegged on the increased demand for the companys products in the entire United Kingdom. It is worth noting that during the same year, the company took over the management of the Devon Cider federation that was based in the Tiverton. Devon up to that time had expanded its manufacturing facilities at its site of operation (Martin Information, Ltd, 1900 Pg. 92) and merging these two companies gave the Aston Manor a new face of production come its success. Despite being an international business, the Aston Company remains 100 percent family owned, a factor that makes it deliver the finest products in the market (Aston Manor Brewery, 2013 Pg. 01). Additionally, the company owns over 300 acres of orchards from which it is stocked with Bittersweet apple trees that it uses to produce a wide area of cider drinks that covers the whole market. The products range from high end premium brands of mass market products with the former including dukedom Originals while that latter includes Frosty Jacks Cider. The main strategic objective of the Aston Manor is to device a range of ciders to suit everyone and very taste and this will expand the market for all the Aston manors products. The Aston Manor is a leading brewery for drinks in a business of its own. It creates its own market as well as distributed a series of cider brands both in the United Kingdom and globally. In all its products, Aston Manor produ ces a range of quality cider products that are made from sustainable factor that are responsible for sourcing customers and markets and this is the means the company intends to expand its market for all its products. It is worth noting Aston Manor is move to the industry best practice that has accelerated its accentuated membership into the national association of cider manufacturer (NACM). Moreover, it is a member of the British Retail Consortium (BRC) that ensures that it adheres to the global standards for food

Management Process Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Management Process Analysis - Essay ExampleChange forethought is ruff defined as the process of continuous reviewing and renewing of the direction, structure and capabilities of the organization in order to cooperate the ever-changing needs and demands of internal and external customers (Todnem, 2005). Organizational change is a very important instalment of the organizational strategy. It is very important for an organization to have the ability to identify where it needs to be in the future and then manage the change way process in order to get there. The p arntage environment is constantly changing with increased globalization, technological innovation, deregulation, dynamic custody, shift in demographic and soci up to(p) trends, etc (Todnem, 2005). This makes the change management process even more important. For any organization, to sustain growth and remain boffo it is very important that it efficiently manages its change management process. One of the best examples of effective change management in modern day businesses is orchard apple tree. orchard apple tree Inc. Founded in 1976, orchard apple tree has become the most valuable attach to on the planet today. Started as a computer company, Apple has revolutionised the personal computer industry. Apple started with a personal computer, but today its products range from music (iPod) to phones (iPhones). Chief Architect of Apples victor story is Steve Jobs, co-founder of Apple (Royston, 2009). Apples journey to the top has not been a smooth one. It has had failures on the way and at one stage was on the verge of being shut down. Apple has alter to changing environment and the industry needs and demands to become the most successful and valuable company on the planet. Apples products include iMac, iPod, iPhone, iPad and iTunes (Apple, 2011). Apple is also developing cloud computing products and services which are not commercially available at. Apple Change Management Apple is one of the best ex amples for effective organizational change management. It can be said that Apple has mastered the art of change management. Apple has been successful in understanding the changing needs and demands, and at same time adapt to those changes and needs. It has been able to build a loyal customer base, build new technologies, products and services. Leadership The most important piece of Apples change management is Steve Jobs, i.e. his leadership. Apples nightmarish run started with the exit of Steve Jobs in 1985 and ended with his return in 1996. With the return of Steve Jobs in 1996, there was a major change in the organizations leadership. The bureaucratic management style that had replaced the creative and entrepreneurial culture (organizational culture that Steve Jobs had infused into Apple in the beginning) had to undergo a major change. Steve Jobs along with him brought back the fly-by-the-seat-of-your-pants entrepreneurial culture back to Apple (Anderson & Anderson, 2010). He red efined the organizations DNA and ensured its effective implementation. The original culture and the mindset were welcomed by the workforce and they responded with creativity and innovation. With the change in leadership, the management structure was now redefined with only very few management layers. This was vital in order to accommodate the change in the leadership and organizational cul

Case studies on performance management Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Studies on performance management - Case sight ExampleIn order to improve her performance as a trainer we need to receive her procedural knowledge (Johnson, Star and Durkin, 2012).One way of doing it can be recording a cast that is being conducted by her and then once she depresss over with it, we can ask her to hire a feel at it while we discuss the shortcomings of the class that was taken by her. In this way she will get a good understanding as where she is lacking behind and where she of necessity to improve further. Performance is a combination of the declarative knowledge in which a person has the informative knowledge of his or her dividing line role and procedural knowledge in which the person take to understand the complete know-how of doing the job. She needs to be aware that simply delivering a training module will not be sufficient for her trainees to learn. She needs to make sure that her trainees understand the concept and learn to apply them in their daily work schedule. save then can training be called complete. In order to do so she needs to be aware of the fact that she has to be very friendly with her trainees so that they can freely ask her questions if they have a doubt.She needs to have a two step process in her training module. The counterbalance step will be the lecture phase where she will be presenting or explaining the concept that needs to be learnt and understood by the trainees. This process will create a general understanding of the topics. She pop off her training with a brief introduction of the topics that will be discussed and then move onto the in astuteness study of the topics. In this section she should be open to questions and critics from the trainees. She needs to give them the leverage to be able-bodied to ask her questions no matter how stupid the question may be.Once the delivery of the lecture is over she should move on to the next phase of the training which will be the discussion phase. The will be a m ore of two way discussion. She will try to understand to understand the topic from her

Emersons Love in Retrospect Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Emersons Love in Retrospect - Essay ExampleHe writes in Experience that life is a train of moods like a string of beads, through which we see only what lies in each beads focus. He knew that there is no need for us to apply critical thought so that we may comprehend the meaning of a soulful glance between two persons. though love cannot be quantified, it can be understood almost naturally because every wants to love and be loved and seeing someone loving generates profound interest and fondness from them. Seeing love induces us to a mood of love and euphoria itself.Out of all many love stories which I wipe out encountered on different forms of media, it is the story contained in the film large that I have greatly appreciated. Gracing video theatres in 1997, the film tells the ill-fated love story of Jack Dawson (Leonardo DiCaprio) and Rose DeWitt Bukater (Kate Winslett) set against the sinking of the RMS Titanic in her maiden voyage. Rose, unyielding to the fate of having upper class Caledon Hockley as her future husband, falls into a relationship with charming and adventurous but lower class Jack.The intensity of their love can be shown in the way they look at each others eyes. Take for example the still from the film shown. In this picture, we see the melding of the passion and emotions that burns from deep within them. The way they held each others arms arouses a rankness of feelings and thought that I have felt when I experienced love.

Management accounting Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Management government noteing - Essay Example round managers and staff workers in the organisation are being evaluated using the income statement,balance sheet and the statement of interchange flows as benchmarks.Some managers expenditure the balance sheet to determine if all the customers have already paid their dues on timeSome managers would time period sending goods on account to customers who have large over due receivables In addition, some companies use different tools or criteria to determine if the managers have been doing profitably or beautifully. The retraceing paragraphs will explain in detail this introductory.First, the management team has a problem with its working capital. working capital is arrived at by subtracting total ongoing assets from total authorized liabilities. The total on-line(prenominal) assets include cash on hand, cash in bank and petty cash funds. The current assets overly includes accounts receivable as well as notes receivable. The current assets also includes inventory end generated from current year purchases and beginning of the year inventory count. angiotensin-converting enzyme problem in this situation is that the management team has a lot of write -offs. This simply subject matter that the company has not been able to collect the receivables from the clients for one reason or another. Write offs are through only if the possibility of collecting the receivables is impossible because of the customers bankruptcy, transfer to another location so that collection of the account owed by the customer cannot be pursued. The write offs pass to a decrease in the accounts receivable. a reduction in the accounts receivable results to a reduction in the current ratio. A reduction in the current ratio indicates that the company is not doing well in terms of the balance sheet presentation for the current year. Likewise, the collection of only lambert percent of the amount collectible shows that the management team has lo st fifty percent of its receivables amount. There are two ways to treat this lack of payment by the customer. ane way is to record the fifty percent payment as a debit to cash and a credit to accounts receivable. The management then retains the remaining fifty percent uncollected accounts receivable from the disgruntled employee in the current assets section of the balance sheet. This would not result to an increase or decrease in the current assets portion of the balance sheet for the year (Fazzari 1993, 328). This would be a good accounting procedure to follow because it is what is the normal process as stated in the international accounting standards. On the other hand, a conservative approach to this situation would be to record the fifty percent payment from the unsatisfied customers as full payment of the original amount contracted. This would give us a reduction in the accounts receivable. Consequently, this would result to a decrease in the working capital of the management team. This will not give a good impression of the management team. The head of the management team was completely surprised when he or she foregatherd the fifty -percent payment. The surprise was due to the management team leaders expectation that the management team would receive the intact one hundred percent of the job done. The management team leader had to console himself or herself that the lack of payment was because the customer was dissatisfied with their job. The customer explained that the management team was not paid the entire management consultancy fee because the management team did not reach its pre -agreed targets. The profit cracker manager who is also the head of the management team feels that his department should not be dependent another department to deport it from financial distress. The profit center manager is tasks to produce his or her departments income statement and balance sheet. Here, the profit center (may also be called a department must not ask for dole -outs or discontinue rides from the other departments within the

America Air Pollution Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

America institutionalize Pollution - Essay ExampleThe demeanor taint was in the first industrial revolution because of massive amounts high-sulfur coal usage in the takings process. Great amounts of industrial production largely used high-sulfur coal hence producing abundant SO2 into the air. Air pollution specifically in the cities is not a new encounter. In the Middle Ages, using coal in the cities had escalated. The challenge of poor quality of urban air as early as in the sixteenth part century depended on the use of coal. After the first industrial revolution, the air pollution problem organise and developed during the second industrial revolution as a form of smoke. Many industries were set(p) in the cities and towns. The fumes from these industries and the coal from domestic heating in the home made the levels of air universe of discourse in the urban region be high. In times of foggy situations, the level of pollution increase leading to the formation of urban smogs (a mixture of fog and smoke). This made the cities in America to be brought to a halt, interfering with the traffic and causing the rates of death to increase dramatically. The influence of pollution on botany and building was obvious. In the year 1960 to 1990, the congress of the United States enacted a number of clean air acts that were utilitarian in strengthening the air pollution regulation. These initiatives were followed by many states in the United States. The Clean Air Act established some numerical concentration limits of the basic air pollutants thus giving the inform and mechanisms of enforcement.

BLUES INC Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

BLUES INC - Essay ExampleManagers of hots Incorporated are determined to become the leader of denim products in the industry. As we know that companies achieve every effort to gain competitive advantage in the trade, Blues Incorporated suffer maintain its dominant status by evaluating the current marketing budget as well as the marketing budget of the competitors. As market analyst, I evaluated the current budget of the confederacy and came up with the last to change the current marketing budget. Changes in the budget will be very productive for Blues Incorporated as they will allow the go with to expand the brand name. The objective of expectant Blues Incorporated a time to excel is at hand (Applying ANOVA and Non-Parametric Tests, 2003).In the first week, the marketing budget of the company was set to $169 zillion. At present, the market share of the company is almost 6% of the total share of the denim industry, which is nearly $40 billion. Setting the marketing budget to $169 million is really a good decision, as it will ensure a brilliant future for the company (Applying ANOVA and Non-Parametric Tests, 2003).In the second week, there were two tasks. First task was to examine fluctuations in the market size whereas the second task was to arrive at a sales forecast. Tasks included examining the average theoretical account and k-period for the outturn level as well as for the average model. The company chose a weighted base average along with two k-periods and estimated the weights at 0.2 for a period of 12 years whereas 0.8 for 11 years. The production level of 40.00 million units was set for the estimate. However, this decision did not seem to be a good iodin as it could have a negative effect on the future of the company (Applying ANOVA and Non-Parametric Tests, 2003).Although the company made incorrect decisions in the 2nd week of the research, but in the 3rd week, the company attentively analyzed and examined the quarterly

Environmental- Economics Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Environmental- Economics - Case Study ExampleThe ancestor to the bother was found in china by means of the creation and implementation of the energy laws that were created by the Central goverment. This is because the governing of China has been aware of the environmental problems. thither were several policies that were introduced in the effort to find a solution for the energy environment problems. One of these was the Environmental Protection Law for trial Implementation, which was created in 1979. Provisions to harbor the environment were also made within the constitution in 1982 in addition to the Article 26 of the constitution which requires that the state provides protection and improvement of the environment where people and other ecological organisms live through the reduction of pollution. These laws and policies were also established to make it possible to practically apply the governmental environmental policies. In addition, this kind of depletion and exhaustion of resources called for the reduction in the used of energy in the production and consumption areas. There was also a need to save the energy and use methods that were friendly to the environment and to promote scientific innovations that would reduce the intensity of energy while at the same time increasing its efficiency as illustrated in Shanghai (Fig. 1). This was enabled by the enactment of the conservation laws and the application of economic incentives whereby the used of energy would be regulated and the emission of pollutants limited (Economy & Lieberthal, 2007). At this point, the main people who were affected by the particular policy included the producers and manufacturers who were required to use energy efficient means of production. The consumers would also be affected as either the prices of goods would go up or the number of products made available would reduce (Wheeler, Susmita & Hua, 2003).For the successful

Macroeconomics Discussion Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Macroeconomics Discussion - attempt ExampleMoney sum up is the currency circulating in the economy which is created by the ply, the depositors, and investors.Each of the 12 Federal Reserve banks perform the following a. clear checks b. issue new currency c. withdraw shamed currency from circulation d. administer and make discount loans to banks in their districts e. evaluate proposed mergers and applications for banks to expand their activities f. act as intermediaries surrounded by the business community and the Fed g. examine bank holding companies and state-chartered banks h. collect data on topical anesthetic business conditions i. use their staff of professional economist to research topics related to fiscal policy (Mishkin 369- 370).The money supply dissolve be changed by increasing our deposits held by banks. This money creates a repercussion of make in the economy when borrowed by companies who use this for their operations. Through the money multiplier, the invested money could increase employment an payoff more than its actual value.(3.) You are appointed as the chair of FRB. Congratulations Chair, economy is in break what are the policy notes you will undertake to push GDP toward potential GDP What are the problems of implementing monetary policy in practiceUnder an expansionary policy, the central bank must increase the money supply and lower the short- term interest rates. The Fed can engage in the following a. open commercialise purchase which expands reserves and monetary base b. lower the discount rate which encourages borrowing by banks or c. lower the reserve requirements among banks.Part Three write a few sentences summarizing what you have learned and how learning this will help you personally. ) Thanks The most important thing which I have learned so far is the interdependence of the players in an economy. It is very important to note that the action of one player can have a tremendous effect in other sectors. Learning the fun ctions of money, how money is controlled and managed, and how it can be used to stimulate or slow down the economy is really something very interesting to me. subtile that my actions can influence the economy, I can now align my decisions in order to help the FED to achieve its economic goals. This is very important noting the forecasted downturn in the US economy in the overture future. Part FourWhat is money supply, M1 and M2 which definition of money supply is more liquid and why M1 is the narrowest measure of money which includes currency, checking account deposits and travelers checks. The M2 includes the M1 plus other assets that have check-writing features such as small-denomination time deposits,

Cognitive science Essay Example for Free

Cognitive intuition EssayStylistics is the champaign and interpretation of schoolbooks from a linguistic perspective. As a discipline it links literary criticism and linguistics, solely has no autonomous domain of its own. 12 The preferred object of stylistic studies is publications, moreover non exclusively high literature but also some other stresss of written texts such as text from the domains of advertising, pop culture, politics or religion.3 Stylistics also attempts to establish principles capable of explaining the particular choices do by individuals and brotherly groups in their subroutine of lambasteing to, such as socialisation, the production and reception of sum, critical discourse depth psychology and literary criticism. Other features of stylistics include the practise of dialogue, including regional accents and peoples dialects, descriptive diction, the lend oneself of grammar, such as the active voice or passive voice, the distribution of senten ce lengths, the use of particular row registers, etc.In addition, stylistics is a distinctive term that whitethorn be used to determine the swipenections between the spend a penny and do within a particular variety of phraseology. Therefore, stylistics looks at what is going on within the language what the linguistic associations ar that the tendency of language reveals. * Early twentieth century The analysis of literary style goes back to Classical rhetoric, but modalityrn stylistics has its roots in Russian Formalism,4 and the related Prague school clip, in the former(a) twentieth century.In 1909, Charles Ballys Traite de stylistique francaise had proposed stylistics as a distinct academic discipline to complement Saussurean linguistics. For Bally, Saussures linguistics by itself couldnt fully serve for the language of personal expression. 5 Ballys programme pictureted well with the aims of the Prague School. 6 Building on the ideas of the Russian Formalists, the Pr ague School authentic the concept of foregrounding, whereby poetic language stands out from the background of non-literary language by means of exit (from the norms of free-and-easy language) or parallelism.7 According to the Prague School, the background language isnt fixed, and the relationship between poetic and e trulyday language is always shifting. 8 Late twentieth century Roman Jakobson had been an active member of the Russian Formalists and the Prague School, before emigrating to the States in the 1940s. He brought in concert Russian Formalism and American New Criticism in his shut Statement at a conference on stylistics at Indiana University in 1958.9 Published as Linguistics and poeticals in 1960, Jakobsons lecture is often credited with existence the first coherent formulation of stylistics, and his p atomic number 18ntage was that the study of poetic language should be a sub-branch of linguistics. 10 The poetic function was one of six world all-encompassing funct ions of language he described in the lecture. Michael Halliday is an primal figure in the development of British stylistics. 11 His 1971 study Linguistic Function and Literary flair An Inquiry into the Language of willingiam Goldings The Inheritors is a key essay.12 One of Hallidays contributions has been the use of the term register to explain the connections between language and its context. 13 For Halliday register is distinct from dialect. Dialect refers to the habitual language of a particular user in a specific geographical or social context. evince describes the choices make by the user,14 choices which depend on three variables field (what the particip emmets are actually engaged in doing, for instance, discussing a specific subject or topic),15 tenor (who is taking part in the exchange) and mode (the use to which the language is being put).Fowler comments that different fields produce different language, most obviously at the aim of vocabulary (Fowler. 1996, 192) The linguist David Crystal commoves out that Hallidays tenor stands as a roughly similar term for style, which is a more specific alternative used by linguists to avoid ambiguity. (Crystal. 1985, 292) Hallidays third category, mode, is what he refers to as the symbolic organisation of the situation. Downes recognises two distinct aspects within the category of mode and suggests that non scarcely does it describe the relation to the medium written, spoken, and so on, but also describes the music genre of the text.(Downes. 1998, 316) Halliday refers to genre as pre-coded language, language that has not simply been used before, but that predetermines the selection of textual meanings. The linguist William Downes makes the point that the principal characteristic of register, no matter how peculiar or diverse, is that it is obvious and immediately recognisable. (Downes. 1998, 309) Literary stylistics In The Cambridge Encyclopedia of Language, Crystal observes that, in practice, most styl istic analysis has attempted to deal with the complex and value language within literature, i. e.literary stylistics.He goes on to say that in such examination the mise en scene is sometimes narrowed to concentrate on the more striking features of literary language, for instance, its deviant and abnormal features, instead than the broader structures that are found in whole texts or discourses. For example, the compact language of poetry is more credibly to reveal the secrets of its construction to the stylistician than is the language of plays and novels. (Crystal. 1987, 71). rhyme As well as conventional styles of language at that place are the unconventional the most obvious of which is poetry.In Practical Stylistics, HG Widdowson examines the traditional form of the epitaph, as found on headstones in a cemetery. For example His memory is dear today As in the hour he passed away. (Ernest C. Draper Ern. Died 4. 1. 38) (Widdowson. 1992, 6) Widdowson makes the point that such sentiments are usually not very evoke and suggests that they may all the same be dismissed as crude verbal carvings and crude verbal interference (Widdowson, 3). Nevertheless, Widdowson recognises that they are a very real attempt to convey feelings of human loss and preserve well-disposed recollections of a beloved friend or family member.However, what may be seen as poetic in this language is not so much in the formulaic phraseology but in where it step to the fores. The verse may be given undue reverence precisely because of the sombre situation in which it is placed. Widdowson suggests that, un standardized oral communication set in stone in a graveyard, poetry is unorthodox language that vibrates with inter-textual implications. (Widdowson. 1992, 4) Two problems with a stylistic analysis of poetry are nockd by PM Wetherill in Literary text edition An Examination of Critical Methods.The first is that there may be an over-preoccupation with one particular feature that ma y well minimise the significance of others that are equally important. (Wetherill. 1974, 133) The second is that any attempt to see a text as simply a collection of stylistic elements will tend to ignore other ways whereby meaning is produced. (Wetherill. 1974, 133) Implicature In Poetic Effects from Literary Pragmatics, the linguist Adrian Pilkington analyses the idea of implicature, as instigated in the previous work of Dan Sperber and Deirdre Wilson.Implicature may be divided into two categories strong and weak implicature, yet between the two extremes there are a variety of other alternatives. The strongest implicature is what is emphatically implied by the loudspeaker or writer, while weaker implicatures are the wider possibilities of meaning that the hearer or reader may conclude. Pilkingtons poetic effects, as he terms the concept, are those that achieve most relevance through a wide array of weak implicatures and not those meanings that are simply read in by the hearer or reader.Yet the distinguishing instant at which weak implicatures and the hearer or readers conjecture of meaning diverge remains highly subjective. As Pilkington says there is no clear cut-off point between assumptions which the speaker for certain endorses and assumptions derived purely on the hearers responsibility. (Pilkington. 1991, 53) In addition, the stylistic qualities of poetry can be seen as an accompaniment to Pilkingtons poetic effects in understanding a meters meaning. Stylistics is a priceless if long-winded approach to criticism, and compels attention to the poems details.Two of the three simple exercises performed here supply that the poem is substandard in structure, and indispensablenesss to be radically recast. The third sheds debile on its content. Introduction Stylistics applies linguistics to literature in the hope of arriving at analyses which are more broadly based, rigorous and objective. 1 The pioneers were the Prague and Russian schools, but their approaches have been appropriated and extended in recent years by radical theory.Stylistics can be evaluative (i. e.judge the literary worth on stylistic criteria), but more commonly attempts to simply analyze and describe the workings of texts which have already been selected as noteworthy on other grounds. Analyses can appear objective, elaborate and technical, even requiring computer assistance, but some caution is needed. Linguistics is currently a battlefield of contending theories, with no settlement in sight. Many critics have no formal training in linguistics, or even proper reading, and are apt to arrive at on theories (commonly those of Saussure or Jacobson) that are inappropriate and/or no longer intromited.Some of the commonest terms, e. g. tardily structure, foregrounding, have little or no experimental support. 2 Linguistics has or else different objectives, moreover to study languages in their entirety and generality, not their use in art forms. Stylistic excelle nce intelligence, originality, density and variety of verbal devices play their part in literature, but aesthetics has long recognized that other aspects are equally important fidelity to experience, emotional shaping, substantial content.Stylistics may well be popular because it regards literature as simply part of language and thence (neglecting the aesthetic attribute) without a privileged status, which allows the literary canon to be replaced by one more politically or sociologically satisfying. 3 Why then employ stylistics at all? Because form is important in poetry, and stylistics has the largest armoury of analytical weapons. Moreover, stylistics need not be reductive and simplistic. There is no need to embrace Jacobsons theory that poetry is characterized by the projection of the paradigmatic axis onto the syntagmatic one.4 Nor accept Bradfords theory of a double spiral 5 literature has too richly varied a history to be fitted into such a straitjacket. Stylistics suggest s why certain devices are effective, but does not ecstasy recipes, any more than theories of musical harmony explains away the gifts of individual composers. Some stylistic analysis is to be found in most types of literary criticism, and differences between the traditional, New Criticism and Stylistics approaches are often matters of emphasis.Style is a term of approbation in everyday use (that woman has style, etc.), and may be so for traditional and New Criticism. But where the first would judge a poem by reference to normal work of the period (Jacobean, Romantic, Modernist, etc. ), or according to genre, the New Criticism would probably simply note the conventions, explain what was unclear to a modern audience, and then pass on to a detailed analysis in terms of verbal density, complexity, ambiguity, etc. To the Stylistic critic, however, style means simply how something is expressed, which can be studied in all language, aesthetic and non-aesthetic. 6Stylistics is avery techni cal subject, which hardly makes for engrossing, or indeed uncontentious, 7 reading. The treatment here is very simple just the bare bones, with some references cited. infra various categories the poem is analyzed in a dry manner, the more salient indications noted, and some recommendations made in Conclusions. Published Examples of Stylistic Literary Criticism G. N. Leechs A Linguistic Guide to English Poetry (1969) Laura Browns Alexander Pope (1985) Roy Lewiss On Reading French Verse A Study in Poetic Form (1982) George Wrights Shakespeares Metrical Art. (1988)Richard Bradfords A Linguistic History of English Poetry (1993) Poem The Architects But, as youd expect, they are very Impatient, the buildings, having much in them Of the heavy surf of the North Sea, flurrying The grit, lifting the pebbles, flinging them With a hoarse roar against the mass They are composed of the cliffs higher of course, More burdensome, underwritten as It were with past days overcast And glinting, obdur ate, part of the Silicate of cowl lives, distant and intricate As the go bureaucrats let in And settled with coffee in the cover pallets, Awaiting the post and the department meeting Except that these do not know it, at least(prenominal) do not Seem to, being busy, broadly speaking. So perhaps it is only on those cloudless, almost Vacuumed afternoons with course upon score Of concrete like rib-bones packed above them, And they depress-headed with the blueweed airiness Spinning around, and muzzy, a neuralgia Calling at random like rickety relations, a phone reflecting in a distant office they cannot get to, That they live attentive, or we do these Divisions persisting, indeed what we talk a bit, We, constructing these webs of buildings which, Caulked like with child(p) whales about us, are always.Aware that some deceit of the light or weather Will dress them as friends, pleading and flailing And fill with placid but unbearable melodies Us in deep hinterlands of incu rved scrap. C. John Holcombe 1997 Metre Though apparently iambic, with five stresses to the line, the metre shows many another(prenominal) a(prenominal) reversals and substitutions. Put at its simplest, with / representing a strong stress representing a weak stress x representing no stress, and trying to fit lines into a pentameters, we have - / x x x / - x / x But as youd ex pect they are ve ry x / x x / x / x x xIm pat ient the build ings, hav ing much in them x x x / x x / / x x Of the heav y surf of the North Sea, flurr ying x / - / x x / x / x The grit, lift ing the pebbl es, fling ing them x / - / x x / x With a hoarse roar a gainst the agg re gate x x / x / / x x / They are com posed of, the cliffs high er of course / x - / x / x More burd en some, un der writ ten as x / x / - / - / x / It were with past days o ver cast x / x / x - / x x And glit ter ing, ob du rate, part of the - / x x x / - / - / x x / x x Sil icate of baffling lives dis t ant and in tricate - x / x / x - / x As the whir ring bu reau crats let in x / x x / x x / x / x And set tled with cof fee in the con crete pal lets x / x x / x x / x / x A wait ing the post and the de part ment meet ing x x / x / x x / x Ex cept that these do not know it, at least do not - / x / x / x / x x Seem to be ing bus y gen ER all y x / x x / x x / x / x So per haps it is on ly on those cloud less al most - / x / x x / x x / x Vac uumed af ter noons with ti ER u pon ti ER x / x / / - / x / x Of con Crete like rib bones packed a bove them x / / x x / / x And they light head ed, with the blue air i ness - / x x / x / x x / x x Spin ning a round and muz zy, a neu ral gia - / x x / x x / x / x x / Cal ling at ran dom like frail re lat ions a phone - / x x x / x / x x / x / x Ring ing in a dist ant of fice they can not get to x / x / x / x x / /- That they be hang at ten tive, or we do these x / x x / x x / x / x / Di vis ions per sist i ng, in deed what we talk a bout - / x / x x / x / x We, con struct ing these webs of build ings which - / x / / x / x x / x Caulk Ed like great whales a bout us are al ways x / x x / x x / x / x A ware that some trick of the light or weath ER / x x / - / x x / x Will dress them as friends plead ing and flail ing x / x / x x / x x / x x And fill with plac id but UN bear able mel odies - / x - / x x x / / Us in deep hint erlands of in curved glass Poets register to trust their senses, but even to the experienced writer these (tedious) exercises can pinpoint what the ear suspects is faulty, suggest where improvements lie, and show how the metre is making for variety, broad consistency, shaping of the argument and emotive appeal.Though other scansions are certainly possible in the lines above, the most striking feature will remain their irregularity. Many lines can only roughly be called pentameters Lines 16 and 17 are strictly hexameters and lines 27 and 28 a re tetrameters. In fact, the lines do not read like blank verse. The rhythm is not iambic in many areas, but trochaic, and indeed insistently dactylic in lines 9 and 10, 21 and 22 and 28. Line 27 is predominantly anapaestic, and line 3 could (just) be scanned x x / x / x x / / x x Of the heavy surf of the North Sea flurr yingReflective or meditative verse is generally written in the iambic pentameter, and for good reason the benefit of past examples, readers expectations, and because the iambic is the closest to everyday deliverance flexible, unemphatic, expressing a wide range of social registers. Blank verse for the stage may be very irregular but this, predominantly, is a quiet poem, with the falling rhythms inducing a mood of aspect if not melancholy. What is being attempted? Suppose we set out the argument (refer to rhetorical and other analyses), tabbing and opposite word tabbing as the reflections as they seem more or less private 8 1.But, as youd expect, 2. they are very impatient, the buildings, 3. having much in them of the heavy surf of the North Sea, 4. flurrying the grit, 5. lifting the pebbles, 6. flinging them with a hoarse roar against the come they are composed of the 7. cliffs higher of course, more 8. burdensome, 9. underwritten as it were with past days 10. overcast and glinting, 11. obdurate, 12. part of the silicate of tough lives, 13. distant and intricate as 14. the whirring bureaucrats 15. let in and settled with coffee in the concrete pallets, awaiting the post and the department meeting 16. except that these do not know it,17. at least do not seem to, being busy, 18. generally. 19. So perhaps it is only on those cloudless, almost vacuumed afternoons with storey upon tier of concrete like rib bones packed above them, and 20. they goofy 21. with the blue airiness whirl around, and 22. muzzy, a 23. neuralgia calling at random like 24. frail relations, a 25. phone pack in a distant office they cannot get to, that 26. They become attentive, 27. or we do 28. these divisions persisting, 29. indeed what we talk about, 30. we, constructing these webs of buildings which 31. caulked like great whales about us, are 32.always aware that some trick of the light or weather will dress them as friends, 33. pleading and flailing and 34. fill with placid but unbearable melodies 35. us in deep hinterlands of incurved glass. The structure should now be clear. Where Eliot created new forms by stringing together unremarkable pentameters, 8 this poem attempts the reverse to recast an irregular ode-like structure as pentameters. And not over-successfully many of the rhythms seemed unduly confined. But once returned to the form of an eighteenth century Pindaric ode, however unfashionable today, the lines regain a structure and integrity.Each starts with a marked stress and then tails away, a feature stress by the sound kinds. 9 Sound Patterning To these sound patterns we now turn, adapting the International Phonetic Alphabet to hypertext mark-up language restrictions 1. But as youd expect u a U e e b t z y d ksp kt 2. They are very impatient the buildings A a(r) e E i A e e i i th v r mp sh nt th b ld ngz 3. Having much in them of the heavy surf of the North Sea a i u i e o e e e(r) o e aw E h v ng m ch n th m v th h v s f v th n th s 4. flurrying the grit u E i e i fl r ng th gr t 5. lifting the pebbles i i e e l ft ng th p b lz 6. flinging them with a hoarse roar against the substance they are composed of i i e i e aw aw e A e a E A A a(r) o O o fl ng ng th m w th h s r g nst th gr g t th k MP zd v 7. the cliffs higher of course more e i I e o aw aw th kl fs h v s m 8. burdensome u(r) e e b d ns m 9.underwritten as it were with past days u e i e a i (e)r i a(r) A nd r t n z t w w p st d z 10. overcast and glinting O e(r) a( r) a i i v k St nd gl NT ng 11. obdurate o U A bd r t 12. part of the silicate of tough lives (a)r o e i i A o u I p t f th s l k t v t f l vz 13. distant and intricate i a a i i e d St NT nd NT r k t 14. as the whirring bureaucrats a e e(r) i U O a z th w r ng b r kr ts 15.let in and settled with coffee in the concrete pallets e i a e ie i o E i e o E a e l t n nd s tl d w th k f n th k Kr t p l Ts awaiting the post and the department meeting e A i e O a e E e E i w t ng th p St nd th d p tm NT m t ng 16. except that these do not know it e e a E U o O i ks pt th th z d n t n t 17. at least do not seem to being busy a E U o E U E i i E t l St d n t s m t b ng b z /td 18.generally e e a E j nr l 19. so perhaps it is only on those cloudless almost vacuumed afternoons O e(r) a i i O o O ou e aw O a U a(r) e oo s p h ps t z nl n th z kl dl s lm St v k md ft n nz with tier upon tier of concrete like rib bones packed above them and i E e(r) e o E e(r) o o E I i O a e u e a w th t p n t v k nkr t l k r b b nz p Kt b v th m nd 20. they light headed A I e e th l t h d d 21.with the blue airiness spinning around and i e U (A)r i e i i e ou a w th th bl r n s sp n ng r nd nd 22. muzzy a u E e m z 23. neuralgia calling at random like U a E a aw i a a o I n r lj k l ng t r nd m l k 24. frail relations a A e A e e fr l r l zh nz 25. phone ringing in a distant office they cannot get to that O i i i e i a o i A a o e oo a f n r ng ng n d St NT f s th k n t g t t th 26.they become attentive A E u a e i th b k m t NT v 27. or we do aw E oo w d 28. these divisions persisting E i i e e(r) i i th z d v zh nz p s St ng 29. indeed what we talk about i E o E aw e ou in d wh t w t k b t 30. we constructing these webs of buildings which E o u i E e o i i i w k nz str Kt ng th z w bs v b ld ngz wh Ch 31. caulked like great whales about us are aw I A A e ou u a(r) k kd l k gr t w lz b t s 32. always aware that some trick of the light or weather will dress them as friends aw A e (A)r a u i o e I aw e e(r) i e e a e lw z w th t s m tr k v th l t w th w l dr s th m z Fr ndz 33. pleading and flailing E i a A i pl d ng nd fl l ng 34. will fill with placid but unbearable melodies i i i a i u u A(r) a e e O E f l w th PL s d b t n b r b l m l d z 35.us in deep hinterlands of incurved glass u i E i e a o i e(r) a(r) s n d p h NT l ndz v nk v d GL s Sound in poetry is an immensely complicated and contentious subject. Of the septetteen different employments listed by Masson 10 we co nsider seven 1. Structural emphasis All sections are structurally emphasized to some extent, but note the use (in decreasing hardness) of * plosive consonants in sections 1, 5, 6, 7, 10-13, 19, 28-50 31 and 35. * fricative and aspirate consonants in sections 2, 3, 6, 7, 12, 19, 25, 28, 32, 35.* liquid and nasal consonants in sections 3, 4, 12, 15, 17, 18, 19, 21, 23, 31-35. Also * predominance of front vowels in all sections but 6, 7, 11, 16, 17, 19 and 31. * predominance of vowels in arbitrate positions only sections 16 and 17 having several high vowels and section 3 low vowels. 2. Tagging of sections Note sections 1, 7, 13 and 15. 3. Indirect support of argument by related echoes * Widely used, most obviously in sections 3-7, 12-13, and 15. 4. illustrative mime mouth movements apes expression * Sections 2, 6, 11-13, 19, 31 and 35. 5. Illustrative painting * Sections 3-6, 10-13, 15, 19 and 33.Most sections are close patterned in consonants. Those which arent (and therefore nee d attention if consistency is to be maintained) are perhaps 8, 9, 14, 18, 20, 22, 24, 26 and 27. Originally the poem was cast in the form of irregular pentameters. But if this is set aside in favour of the 35 sections listed above, how are these sections to be linked in a self-evident and pleasing form? A little is accomplished by alliteration * f in sections 3 to 7. * s and t in sections 12 to 15 * w in sections 29 to 32 And also by the predominance of front and intermediate level vowels, but these do not amount to much.Certainly we do not find that the overall shaping of the poem emphasizes the argument or content. Sociolinguistics Language is not a neutral medium but comes with the contexts, ideologies and social intentions of its speakers written in. Words are living entities, things which are constantly being employed and only half taken over carrying opinions, assertions, beliefs, information, emotions and intentions of others, which we partially accept and modify. In this se nse speech is dialogic, has an internal polemic, and Bakhtins insights into the multi-layered nature of language (heteroglossia) can be extended to poetry.11 Much of Postmodernist paternity tries to be very unliterary, incorporating the raw material of everyday speech and writing into its creations. This poem seems rather different, a somewhat remote tone and elevated diction applying throughout. Let us see whats achieved by grouping under the various inflections of the speaking voice.* urgently confidential But, as youd expect, cliffs higher, of course, that they become attentive or we do * obsessively repetitious flurrying the grit, lifting the pebbles, flinging them burdensome, underwritten overcast and glinting, obdurate * over-clever silicate of tough livesdistant and intricate constructing these webs of buildings distracted and/or light-headed except that these do not know it at least do not seem to with the blue airiness spinning around calling at random like frail relation s * melancholy and/or reflective some trick of the light or weather will dress them as friends pleading and flailing and fill with placid but unbearable melodies.The exercise hardly provides revelation. Heteroglossia is an interweaving of voices, moreover, not shifts of tone or reference. And yet there is something very odd about the opening line. Why should we expect the buildings to be very impatient?This is more than the orators trick of attracting attention, since the animate nature of buildings and their constituents is referred to throughout the poem. To be more exact, the attitude of the inhabitants observers, bureaucrats, architects to the buildings is developed by the poem, and is paralleled by the tone. But why the confidential and repetitious attitude at the beginning. Why should we be buttonholed in this manner? Why the But, which seems to point to an earlier conversation, and the urgency with which that earlier conversation is being refuted or covered up? Because the blame for something is being shifted to the buildings.What error has been committed we do not know, but in mitigation we are shown the effect of the buildings on other inhabitants. Or perhaps we are. In fact the whirring bureaucrats seem to grow out of the fabric of buildings, and we do not really know if the we, constructing these webs of buildings is meant literally or metaphorically. The poems title suggests literally, but perhaps these constructions are only of the mind sections 17, 20-29, 32 and 34 refer to attitudes rather than actions, and there is an ethereal or otherworldly atmosphere to the later section of the poem.So we return to heteroglossia, which is not simply borrowed voices, but involves an internal polemic, 12 that private dialogue we conduct between our private thoughts and their acceptable public expression. The dialogue is surely here between the brute physicality of a nature made overpoweringly real and the fail brevity of human lives. That physicality is thr eatening and unnerving. If the we of the later section of the poem is indeed architects then that physicality is harnessed to practical ends. If the constructing is purely mental then the treatment is through attitudes, mindsets, philosophies.But in neither case does it emasculate the energy of the physical world. Architects may leave monuments female genitals them, but they are also imprisoned in those monuments (us in deep hinterlands) and hearing all the time the homesick voice of their constituents. Conclusions Suggested Improvements The greatest difficulty lies in the poems structure. An pentameter form has been used to give a footling unity, but this wrenches the rhythm, obscures the sound patterns and does nothing for the argument. If recast in sections defined by rhythm and sound pattern the form is too irregular to have artistic autonomy.A return could be made to the eighteenth century Pindaric ode in strict metre and rhyme, but would require extensive and skilful rewriti ng, and probably appear artificial. A prose poem might be the answer, but the rhythms would need to be more fluid and subtly syncopated. Otherwise, blank verse should be attempted, and the metre adjusted accordingly. The internal polemic is a valuable dimension of the poem, but more could be done to make the voices distinct. http//www. textetc. com/criticism/stylistics. html1. On StylisticsIs cognitive stylistics the future of stylistics?To answer this question in the essay that follows, I will briefly discuss Elena Semino and Jonathan Culpepers Cognitive Stylistics (2003), capital of Minnesota Simpsons Stylistics (2004), and a recent essay by Michael Burke (2005). However, because questions are like trains one may hide another any discussion of the future of stylistics raises intractable questions about stylistics itself. French students of stylistics, for example, will come across definitions of the discipline like the following. According to Brigitte Buffard-Moret, si les defin itions de la stylistique que certains refusent de considerer comme une scien

Cultural Experience Essay Example for Free

Cultural Experience Es introduceA friend of mine is a close friend of an Indian family who lives in the same general area that my friend and I live in. My friend t grey-headed Mrs. Suayna Patel about my assignment and we were some(prenominal) invited over to dinner at her and Mr. Rajesh Patels abide for Saturday dinner. My friend and I were warmly invited into their two-story really large tan blockhouse. It is actually located just yards from a hotel they own called Passport Inn. They also occupy the two closest/adjoining rooms to the hotels mansion designed as a more modest piece home they live out of when there are working as the hotel clerks.Their house was rattling elegantly decorated in a flair with an obvious female touch. It had an incense smell to it, but enjoyable, not over-powering. I was initially invited into what I retrieve was their living room. The house had quite a few rooms downstairs so Im not positive it was their living room. I think all of the famil ys bedrooms were located on the second floor. Mrs. Suayna Patel invited me to sit on a sofa and whence she proceeded to sit down on the other end. She was very soft- verbalizen and I really didnt understand everything she said. She introduced me to her husband Rajesh.Rajesh, on the other hand, almost round as if he were a native of the U. S. although they both came here in 1997 after his uncle purchased two hotels. Their children, nine-year old son Siva and a twelve-year old daughter, Sanirika were born in the U. S. They somewhat much acted like American children but possibly with more manners. Im only stating this because we were to keenly observe things, but both children were over-weight probably like the majority of their American peers. The only communication barriers I had or I should say we had, was between Suayna and myself.Sometimes we didnt understand matchless another but my friend would subtly and politely intervene and service of process. They gradually lessened b ut her husband was quite a bit more extrovertive than she was, so he talked to us while Suayna finished cooking the dinner. Suayna was definitely more passive and mild than the distinctive American woman and Mr. And Mrs. Patel did assume what we refer to as traditional male and female roles, although my American parents do also. I talked with the children because they were in the room.They had very little Indian accent and were more than willing to state questions and talk to me. They were the most extraverted and talkative members of their family, possibly partially cod to that they were raised here and get under ones skin no communication differences from Americans. Suayna invited my friend and I to the table and had us sit down first and then the rest of the family sat down with Rajesh being the last one to be s tuckered. I followed their lead at the table because I didnt want to talk much at the table if it wasnt something that was acceptable.However, they do me comfortabl e and just talked like any American family at the dinner table. Suayna served the best Chicken garb with Rice, Naan bread (Dsouza, 2006), and lentil dish I have ever eaten in my life, by the way. I do think their family was more polite between one another and in talking with me than a typical American family. It could have been because of their company but I dont think so. This isnt unendingly untypical of American families but I did notice Rajesh didnt help out with the making of dinner.He did, however assist in removing the dinnerware and utensils from the table after dinner while neither of them allowed the company to help with the work. Unlike most families of my culture, I guess part of their behavioral language could be that they didnt front like had felt a need to occupy every second with words. There was no fashion of divergence speaking or emotive language. I thumb this is at least partly due to that they didnt speak at all in a self-important manner whatsoever plain t he children, at least while I was there.There was no usage of gestures when talking and there was no creativity or sense of humor in their conversation. They did use relative words when they were telling us why it was easier for them to visit their relatives in India then for their relatives to visit them in America. Overall, their language was cordial and to the point. They spoke pretty succinctly without being verbose. In fact, Mr. And Mrs. Patel spoke slower and less often than the families and friends I typically would eat with. It actually felt pretty self-possessed.The children spoke a little more but they never spoke loudly at the table. As far as what I learned about the culture, because this was just one Indian-American family, I cant make too many generalizations but I do detect they relate to one another in a quieter, probably a more gentle and peaceful manner than a typical American family. Their overall home and family had a more peaceful feel to it. It was a pleasant experience of India. Source Used Dsouza, Z. (2006). Veda the essential Indian cookbook. Baltimore Md. PublishAmerica.

Criticism on the Novel Essay Example for Free

Criticism on the Novel EssayNature setting are overtPage 30 When I was about fifteen years old we had retired to our house near Belrive, when we witnessed a most violent and terrible thunderstorm. It advanced from behind the mountains of Jura, and the thunder burst at once with wretched loudness from various quarters of the heavens. I remained with curiosity and de faint-hearted. As I stood at the door, on a beautiful oak which stood about twenty yards from our house and so soon as the dazzling light vanished, the oak had disappeared, and no tighteng remained but a blasted stump. It was not splintered from the shock, but entirely reduced to thin ribbons of wood.Foreshadowing? power of electricity sparks his attention, if it can destroy several(prenominal)thing so quickly, why cant it bring utterly flesh to life?Scientific descriptions lack important informationPage 48 It was already virtuoso in the morning the rain pattered dismally against the panes, and my candle was near ly burnt out, when, by the glimmer of the half-extinguished light, I saw the dull yellow eye of the creature open it breathed hard, and a convulsive bm agitated its limbs.We see how she was a poet in this quote she gives more descriptions of the surroundings than the scientific aspect of which legion(predicate) people long for. Obviously shows the lack of knowledge displayed by Mary Shelly.Countries are close unneuroticShows once again how much knowledge Mary Shelly had regarding geography. It sparks attention when she says that it takes longer to go from Geneva to Ingolstadt (a jibe of 413.6 miles) than it is to go to England.Monster has superhuman abilities yet he is made from human partsPage 70 I thought of pursuing the devil, but it would build been in vain, for an other(a) flash discovered him to me hiatus among the rocks of the nearly perpendicular ascent of Mont Saleve, a hill that bounds Plainpalais on the south. He soon reached the circus tent and disappeared.Stereot yping of the Turkish and Irish peopleIf Frankenstein had already created a teras, why did he need help from several(prenominal) other scientists for the creation of another monster?Page 153 I found that I could not comprise a female without again devoting several months to profound study and laborious disquisition. I had heard of some discoveries having been made by an English philosopher, he knowledge of which was material to my success The Monster tells Frankenstein how hes survived mobs throwing rocks and several other projectiles and such, yet Frankenstein never stops trying to think he can kill the monster.Page 206 the monster whom I had created, the miserable demon whom I had sent abroad into the world for my destruction. I was possessed by a maddening rage when I thought of him, and desired and ardently prayed that I might have him within my grasp to wreak a great and signal revenge on his cursed head. completely quotes from Mary Shelleys Frankenstein

Informative Speech Essay Example for Free

Informative savoir-faire EssayAttention Getter Mothers day is coming up, and there is a few options for you to routine as gifts. 1. You ordure spend fifty dollar on flowers just to watch them die in a week. 2. You end buy her chocolates even though most of us are constantly trying to cut back. 4. You disregard do nothing and look like a jerk. 5. Or can simply spend a dollar at a thrift store, and create a desk ornament using yet an middle-aged al-Quran.Topic Sentence Recently Ive made a few of these and have gotten a truly great response from family and friends. I suppose Id call it countersign-origami, but Im not sure if theres a proper title for this sort of thing. My purpose this evening is to teach you how to make one of these.Credibility / goodwill afterward I made my first book, I got several compliments on it. Afterward, I came to the conclusion it might make a great mantelpiece, or even a desk ornament. Itsinthestars.com/us shows a survey taken in 2012 that s tates The average person ends up purchasing 16 gifts or more a year. Gift buying can add up quickly so I have found that it is nice to have a backup computer programme in case youre broke at the cartridge holder. Surely most of us in this very room have come to this dilemma so I am hoping to provide an idea for such an occasion.Thesis Tonight I will teach you how to make one of these decorations by first teach you what guinea pig of books are best to use, secondly I will tell you how to prepare the process of acquire put downed, and lastly I will be teaching you a few of the folding techniques.Body (Chronological = locomote in a process)I. The First step in making one of these book decorations is to find the make up kind of book to work withA. Through trial and error, I have found that it is best to use a hardback book. 1. The way I have been making these has been without the use of any glues or starches, and the hardcover frame seems to help the book hold its shape natu rally. B. When choosing your book you will also need to cypher the number of pages that it has. 2. This was actually my first book, and it has about two hundred fifty pages in it. My second book actually has over 550 pages in it. The choice you make depends on your taste, but personally I come back the thicker book has a much fuller and professional look. C. You should also consider the size of the cover of your book. 1. I believe that a someone smaller book makes for the best decoration because it doesnt take up much room. musical passage Now that you have chosen a book to work with, you are pretend to divide your book in sections.A. In my first book I didnt take a whole lot of time, and just approximately divided the book into 3 sections. 1. You might not be able to tell at first glance but one side actually has some 15 pages more using the first folding style. B. If you fatality to go for a truly regular look, I would suggest counting out each page individually. It will tak e more time this way, but you will probably be happier with the end result. 1. After you have decided how much you want in each section, I would recommend marking each sections beginning and end with a bookmark.Transition Now that you have sectioned off your book, youre ready to start folding. (please excuse my lack of technological terms, but this is really just something Ive been experimenting with and was not actually taught anything about origami.A. I like to start off each book with several simple corner folds. 1. After each page, you should alternate amidst folding the top corner down, and folding the bottom corner down. 2. The reason I start the book this way because it is a really easy technique, and it also seems to help the book expand quite a bit. B. Another fold I use quite a bit I would call an sheet fold. I call it this because it is how I remember starting off paper airplanes, again this isnt a technical lesson. 1. This technique is done simple by folding the top and bottom edges into the middle of the page. 2. I tend to use this technique for the middle section because again, it is very easy to do, and it helps the book to stand up. C. What I have used for the outer-middle section here is actually just a variation of the airplane fold. 1. After folding both edges in, you then take the middle point of the page and fold it to either the stop number or lower portion, again alternating with each following page to get this accordion look. outcomeThesis Tonight I have taught you how to make one of these decorations by first teaching you what type of books are best to use, secondly telling you how to prepare the process of getting started, and lastly I taught you a few of the folding techniques.Closure Now youre ready to make one of these for yourself. Ive only been doing this for a few months, and I have found that most of the fun comes from trying new techniques. Ive only shared with you a couple of the techniques that Ive used. I would highly encourage you to try some of your own ideas, get creative . You could try ripping or cutting the edges of certain pages to give them a rough look, or you could add paperclips to portions of the book to give it a specific hold. Maya Angelou once said in the book Conversations with Maya Angelou printed in 1989 You cant use up creativity. The more you use, the more you have Ive ever agreed with that. I have found this to be a fun, creative and cheap idea for a gift. Mothers day is Sunday the 12th of May this year, so you should get started.

Disorder of Donnie Darko Essay Example for Free

Disorder of Donnie Darko EssayDonnie Darko is an almost confusing film somewhat quantify travel, schizophrenia and the manipulation of ones fate. The film concentrees on a teenage schoolboy named Donnie Darko. Donnie is non mentally bouncing but he is very intelligent and has extremely high Iowa test scores. He also has a t suppressency to hallucinate and do destructive things when sleepwalking, such as flood his school and burning pig a house, due to this he is on strong medication and sees a therapist on a regular basis. After a near death experience, Donnie starts seeing an imaginary friend known as Frank. Frank is a seven foot tall, demonic looking rabbit, who tells him slightly how the dry land is going to end and of the possibilities of time travel. Frank saved Donnie from this near death experience by telling Donnie to follow him exterior and revealed to him that the world was going to end in 28 days, 6 hours, 42 minutes, and 12 seconds.After Donnie was told ab out the end of the world a level engine crashed through his house, destroying his bedroom. Luckily Donnie was alfresco and survived. Donnie also finds get it on in a new girl to his school named Gretchen Ross. This girl also has a dark recent and is somewhat mentally unhealthy as well due to her mother being stabbed four multiplication by her step father. As time goes on Donnie sees to a greater extent of Frank and more hallucinations, which leads him to think that time travel is possible along with the power to manipulate fate. To prevent all of the negative events Donnie sees himself causing in the future, he goes back in time to stay in his room and die as the plane engine crashes through his home. This prevents a whole butterfly type effect on everyone that surrounds him and the end of the world Frank warns him about.Throughout the movie Donnie is filled with unhappy thoughts and his head is consumed by troubled feelings caused by the prescription(prenominal) pills he takes , although these pills seem to be the only thing that Donnie has to give him a consistent behavior and focus in life. They also open his mind to reality beyond what he normally comprehends. Donnie is tortured by his genius, his fear of death, and struggles with isolating himself brought on by feelings of being rejected for thinking differently or outside the box. Through his genius and reaction to the pills, Donnie saw his destiny and was scared ofdying alone so he created Frank to give him direction.With his second chance in life, Donnie went around making sense of rafts lives and destroying things that could earn people unhappy such as his corrupt school. Donnie loves people and wants to help them but he fears what everything means in the big picture, and this is why he needs Frank for direction. He then realizes that his choice to live brought more pain, death, and doom than if he had died in the first place. This is why he chose death, he just needed to study this so he could be at peace. He then feels happy about himself which is why he dies with a smile on his face.Donnie Darkos behavior is very abnormal, he is not like anybody else in his environment. This brush aside mostly be attributed to being a paranoiac schizophrenic. Paranoid schizophrenia is one of the most negative of all mental disorders. It causes its victims to lose touch with reality as Donnie does with his ideas of time travel. They often begin to hear, see, or feel things that arent really there, or hallucinations which Donnie often experiences. They also become convinced of things that simply are not true which are delusions. In the paranoid form of this disorder, they develop delusions of persecution or personal greatness. The first signs of paranoid schizophrenia usually surface between the ages of 15 and 34. There is no cure, but the disorder set up be controlled with medications such as Donnie is oblige to take.Since Donnie is a paranoid schizophrenic no prior events would pu ddle caused his behavior because schizophrenia is thought to be a chemical imbalance in the brain and is not in any way caused by essay, which disregards any idea of post traumatic events causing his behavior, although stress can make the symptoms worse. One example of this is how the near death experience made his symptoms worse.His symptoms included, confusion, inability to make decisions, hallucinations, changes in sleeping habits, energy level, delusions, nervousness, strange statements or behavior, withdrawal from friends, or school, anger, indifference to the opinions of others, a disposal to argue, a conviction that you are better than others, or that people are out to get you. Without medication and therapy, most paranoid schizophrenics are unable to function in the real world. If they fall victimto utter(a) hallucinations and delusions, as Donnie does, they can be a danger to themselves and those around them. This is greatly illustrated by Donnie being forced to take his medicines, and causing harm to others such as when he shoots the kid who hit his girlfriend and flooding the school. It is rather evident that Donnie Darko suffers from paranoid schizophrenia.

United Nations Essay Example for Free

unite Nations EssayThe UN is made up of 191 kingdoms from round the benignant race. It is much called the UN. It was established in 1945 soon after the cooperate World War as a means of bringing battalion together and to avoid fight. The UN logotype depicts the existencely concern held in the olive branches of quiescence. (CBBC intelligence agencyround) get together Nations Post Cold War Era The linked Nations is considered to be an inter depicted object entity that has struggled with the challenges of globalization for several years, especially since the Asian financial crisis (Ruggie, 2003, p. 1) it has power, according to one people, to sour the international issues such as wars however to an other(a) group of people, the linked Nations has its own indisputable limitations beyond which it seatnot operate or seems not to be operating. The truly first evidence in this regard when the linked Nations is seen almost completely paralyzed despite with all its mi ght is the Cold War era that stretched oer 40 years.In this connection, Holmes (1993) informs us that For over 40 years, the Cold War conflict between the United States and the Soviet Union paralyzed the peacekeeping functions of the United Nations. With few exceptions, the United Nations and other multinational organizations were idle in resolving major conflicts because of the zero-sum nature of the Cold War. In 1993, Holmes critically reviewed the United Nations routine in the scenario of the Post Cold War era and that time he came up with the observation that the United Nations had a heavy hand put by the United States of America.He tells us that the United Nations trading operations like peacemaking, peace-en linement, and military involvement were limited for certain reasons such as the huge monetary aid, the parade contribution by world states to back up the United Nations force. These limitations, according to Holms, kept United Nations a body that was not independently powerful to take actions against any mayhem going on in the world. He tells us of the U. S. policymakers that how they would come across for the loopholes where they could make a way into the controlling of the United Nations so the national sovereignty could be secured The challenge for U.S. policy makers is to identify these circumstances and to develop guidelines for ensuring that U. S. interests be protected. The United States should, in this regard, be sensitive to three variables (1) how a peacekeeping operation affects American national protective covering (2) how a good deal it costs and (3) the degree to which it erodes American sovereignty (Holmes, 1993, p. 1). The kernel point to Holmes (1993) is that the United Nations is not a clear body to work without pressure from a earth (the U. S.) so if it attempts to overreach its powers, and pretends to be an independent force in international politics, the United Nations will surely fail in maintaining any kind of world p eace and stability (Holmes, 1993, p. 1). Moving ahead we witness a similar remark made by OBrien (2003) that The United Nations was conceived by the United States 60 years ago to express, embody and extend American ideals yet there is another observation by Goff (2003) that the United Nations is only as strong as is the will of the states which run it The United Nations system relies on the collective will of all its members.It is these member states that deal its priorities. The United Nations cannot act without their consent. It falls, therefore, upon us all to make the United Nations relevant in todays world (2003, p. 1). aboveboard speaking, In practice the United Nation has not developed as was first imagined initially it was peaceful mainly of the Allies of World War II, largely European major countries, , and nations of the Americas and Commonwealth countries. It was imagine as an organization of peace-loving nations, who were uniting to stop future aggression and for othe r humanitarian reasons.However, C mislay cooperation among members was predicted and the aegis Council especially was predicted to work in relative unanimity. Hopes for necessary accord were soon crashed by the frictions of the cold war, which impacted the functioning of both the Security Council and other UN organs. The United Nation has played a relatively secondary intent in the most world crises, including 1973 the Pakistan-India War of 1971 the Afghanistan war and Vietnam Israeli-Arab Wars of 1967. However in the very begging of 1970s the united nation amplified its activity in the development of less dominant countries.(Schuijt, 2005) even so as the U. N. is called on to tackle enormous problems like ethnic, state and religious conflicts and sustainable use of congenital resources, the organization reflects the imbalance of power that exists between powerful and weak nations (Schuijt, 2005) Certainly, it would be true to say that several(prenominal) dominant countries ar e using the United Nations as a vehicle for their own interest and tackle over the world. David Shorr cited the great example on this thing in world have the UN they deserve by saying that the The UN is only as strong or as week as governments want it to be. process states should stop using the UN as a scapegoat for governments failure to achieve international consensus. The UN cannot change on its own the responsibility lies with governments to implement reform in the best interest of the UN. (Shorr, 2006) Many ontogeny countries leadership opine that the UN in every aspect discriminates between exploitation and non-developing countries. Moreover, the UN is playing a dual role for different countries in every aspect, whether politics, social norms, safety, warrantor etc.for instance, Bahamas continues to emphasize the need for bigger and to a greater extent comprehensive discussion of globalization and its effects on the well- creation of concerned commonwealths, with the Unit ed Nations given a role in solving these issues. Further they quoted that, we have continuously expressed dangerous concerns over certain decisions by the United Nations or its organs that were not coherent with the aims and intentions of the Charter. However, nothing was done to right the wrong. When errors are discovered, it becomes our obligation to correct them.They merely emphasized, that UN should go over the legal political basis of its own undertakings in the period of 1950s and 1960s in relation to the cardinal rights of our Melanesian sisters and brothers in the Asia-Pacific region, especially in westward Papua and the UN must not in this The United Nations cannot and must not, in this new millennium, carry on to diverge a blind eye on its own past failures, which has led UN to three long, agonizing decades of injustice, cataclysm and guerrilla warfare in West Papua.It is morally, politically and legally wrong to do so. The Organization has competent bodies, such as t he Special Committee on decolonization or the International Court of Justice, which should look into the matter. The Netherlands - the former colonial Power - should recognize its share of the responsibility in helping to resolve the spotlight of West Papua in a peaceful and transparent manner. (World leading Adopt, 2000)But on the other hand, developing countries member like the US and UK deploring this fact that they are using the UN for their own interests and they also believe that being a powerful member of the UN they have to offset things in an news paper article published in June 16,2005 in Los Angles Times US put US reforms first and declared that United States a veto-holding member of the council along with Britain, France, Russia and China believes that a bigger group would not necessarily be break away. (Farley, 2005)Another example is the Republic of Paula who surely believes that the UN will strive hard to embrace the remaining non-member nations around the globe . And in this aspect, they hope that the UN will change his rigorous attitude towards developing countries. Besides this, they are convinced(p) that these goals at a certain extent are achievable like through the help of 2000 UN reforms. They further disclosed the facts that, The United Nations has enabled smaller, developing and least developed countries, such as my own, to contribute to world peace in our own albeit small way.Whilst there have been measurable benefits from membership of the Organization, it also has the positive desktop to deliver much more equitable changes. (World leadership Adopt, 2000) United Nations Reforms However, after 2000 the United Nations met severe reprehension for its operations and seemingly dependence over the United States of America. Moreover, there were issues of better managing the in-organization matters such as security, funding, and so on.Thus, a series of reform episodes started making its place in the pages of United Nations history. It was expedited after the Iraq invasion by the United States of America as the oil-for-food became the household phrase of international politics. For example, President Bushs frequently quoted remark America will never seek a permission slip to defend the security of our country is fewthing that reminds us of the absolute power days when slavery was practiced. (Schaefer and B. Kim, 2004)Thus, all these mayhem led people such as Annan to come up with some solid say that would, at least on the surface, guarantee the impartial role of the United Nations in the world and the through some solid reforms. As such Annan came up with the three major theaters that needed to be redefined for the better operations of the United Nations. These were development, security, and human right. These opened up for the public in the year 2005 and The secretary generals report was ground on tow earlier studies.One was done by the committee he appointed in 2004 to appoint U. N. reforms. The second study was about how to meet goals set five years ago for reducing world poverty in half by twenty fifteen. (Gollust, 2005) Nonetheless, by seeing the US 2000 reforms one can easily understand that the US government uses the UN for their own countries political interests to a certain extent, it is believed that America and some other dominant countries being a Vito power uses UN as a scapegoat.But on the other hand American denies these facts in a news paper article George Mitchell, a former U. S. Senate absolute majority leader and a co-chairman of the Task Force on the United Nations, which was created by the U. S. Congress, said he had encountered objections to American sponsorship of the reforms and had tried to combat them. Its wrong to think that reform is a favor done for the U. S. , he said. I make the argument to countries that their long-range interest is served by supporting this.While we have indicated that this is an American precedence that is a conclusion that they ought to be reaching for themselves. (Hoge, 2005) Moreover, 22nd Meeting of Chairmen/Coordinators of the Group of 77 held in geneva in 7-9 july 1997, the chirman said that The United Nations must carry out its mandated, comprehensive role in the scotch and social areas. This includes policy analysis, consensus building, policy formulation and coordination, and delivery of technical assistance to developing countries (22nd Meeting of Chairmen, 1997)This is an area for more study, to see the Iran ongoing nuclear scenario one would easily conceive the role of the UN in Iran nuclear technology. In this regard, The Irani government countinously accusing the UN. Ahmadinejad said while giving interview in CBC intelligence agency in Sep 19, 2006 they were transparent, peaceful and under the watchful eye of United Nations inspectors. He questioned why his country was being denied its own nuclear program when others have not. (CBC News, 2006)In January 1992, Boutros Boutros-Ghali of Egypt assumed as the UNs first post-Cold War Secretary General under the enormous pressure from the US and also from the entrance hall groups like the ICC (International Chamber of Commerce), he instantly set to work reforming the secretariat and annihilating programs that drew the acutest corporal warned by his advisors that the IMF and world bank based in Washington DC and under big beguile by the United States treasury had a comparative degree of advantage over the united nation in the both macro and micro economic policy domain and that the united nation lose creditability if it for some reason did not scale back its efforts in this area.The UN secretary generals formalized believes that the UN must change or die and that it must reach out to new actors in a globalizing world, beyond the nation-state members. (Paine, 2000) Conclusion The United Nations must abandon the recur-standard and come up with the peaceful solutions to maintain the security and peace, combat problems such as environmental degradation, diseases and terrorism and guarantee a dialogue among nations. The developing countries should be helped to reduce their foreign debt. Throughout its history, the United Nations has achieved enormous successes, including the solution of various conflicts throughout the world. (World Leaders Adopt, 2000)In the end, I would like to say that it would be good for the world that the UN must abandon double standards between dominant and developing countries and should come up with peaceful solution for the sake both world security and safety. The first duty of the UN should assure all countries in terrorism, disease, environmental degradation and so on. Obviously, the developing countries should be giving sufficient help in unburden their foreign debts. The duty of the United Nations is to call forth and develop like Somalia and other African regions. The United Nations should provide equality guarantee to underdeveloped in terms of every thing human rights to politics.References22nd Meeting of Chairmen/Coordinators of the Group of 77 Chapters Geneva, 7-9 July 1997, Statement Of Principles on UN reform Brett D. Schaefer and Anthony B. Kim (July 9, 2004). Forging Freedom Coalitions to Promote U. S. Priorities in the United Nations CBBC Newsround UNITED NATIONS What is the UN? http//news. bbc. co. uk/cbbcnews/hi/find_out/guides/world/united_nations/newsid_1721000/1721851. immediate memory Accessed, April 18, 2007 CBC News UN being abused by West Iranian PM (Tuesday, September 19, 2006) David Shorr, butt against 7, 2006 World Leaders Have the UN they Deserve Ellen Paine (October 2000), The Road to the Global Compact Corporate Power And The combat Over global public policy at the united Nations John Gerard Ruggie (2003).The United Nations and Globalization Patterns and Limits of institutional Adaptation. Global Governance, 9(3), 301+ Kim R. Holmes (1993). New world disorder A critique of the United Nations. Journal of International Aff airs, 46(2), 323-340. capital of South Carolina University School of International Public Affairs Martin Schuijt (November 29, 2005). The Mother of All Coalitions. (November 30, 2005). Inter Press Service Maggie Farley, News paper article, Los Angeles Times (June 16, 2005), US Puts UN Reform First, Official Says Press Release (8 September 2000). World Leaders Adopt United Nations Millennium Declaration At Conclusion of Extraordinary Three-Day Summit